Question

(a) A time-bound vaccination programme is followed for the children in our country from their birth up to ten years of age. A graph plotted below (Graph 1.1) shows the effect of the vaccination followed by infection by the same pathogen, and the antibody concentration in the blood of the child.i) Explain why the administration of a vaccine causes an increase in the antibody concentration.ii) If the child is infected with the same pathogen almost four months later, the antibody concentration in his/her blood increases very fast. Explain why. iii) A table given below gives information about different types of immunity and how they are attained. Identify P , Q , R , S and T in the table (Table 1.1)or(b) i) What is the chemical name of 'smack' ? Why is the consumption of smack considered as an abuse ? ii) Name the source plant and one effect of the following drugs on the human body : 1. Marijuana2. Cocaine3. Morphine

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Answer :

(a)

i) The vaccine contains the antigen, which stimulates or activates immune cells to produce antibodies (by B lymphocytes) / which generates primary response or humoral immune response.

ii) Memory cells generate, amnestic response/secondary response

iii) P = YesQ = Catching an infection/getting infectedR = NoS = YesT = No

or

(b)

i)

• Diacetylmorphine

• as it is highly addictive, and being a depressant it slows down body functions.

ii)

1. Cannabis sativa, affects the cardiovascular system of the body.

2.Erythroxylum coca /coca plant , interferes with the transport of neurotransmitter dopamine / produces sense of euphoria / increased energy.

3. Papaver somniferum, acts as depressant/ slows down body function/ reduces pain/sedative

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