Answer :

(a)

i)

• Many varieties of finches (black bird) were found on the island (Galapagos)

• Originally all birds had seed eating features

• Gradually as they moved to other geographical areas

• The beak structures changed according to the food available there and many other altered beaks arose.

• Some becoming insectivorous and others remaining vegetarian

• Hence the process of evolution starting from a point and radiating to other areas of habitats is called adaptive radiation.

ii)

• No

• Human evolution is an example of progressive evolution and not adaptive radiation, parent species of Homosapiens have evolved from Homo habilis and to homo erectus lineage.

or

(b) Test cross Genotype of tall plant can be TT or Tt

If the genotype of the tall pea plant (given) was TT. Then the phenotype of all plant of this cross = 100% Tall

If the genotype of the tall pea plant (given) was Tt Then phenotype of plant in this cross = 50 % Tall
50 % Dwarf